Recognition of the macro

The concept of macros is not new to me, but I never use macros, and always use the process (subroutine), because I think the macro will process longer, although it will be executed faster than subroutine calls. Therefore, the macro has been very cold, until looking at the old Law of the program found a useful macro, it makes the preparation process more Conciseness, intuitive, and more than I imagined concept, so I think it is necessary to carry out macro Re.
The following is a small program, function is very simple, but contains a macro:

-------------------------------------------------- ----------------------
File Name :20-1. ASM

include windows.inc
include kernel32.inc
include user32.inc

includelib kernel32.lib
includelib user32.lib

CTEXT MACRO y: VARARG
LOCAL sym
CONST segment
ifidni, <>
sym db 0
else
sym db y, 0
endif
CONST ends
exitm
ENDM

. Code
Start:
invoke MessageBoxA, NULL, CTEXT ("Hello, world!"), CTEXT ("Hi!"), MB_ICONINFORMATION
invoke ExitProcess, NULL
end Start
-------------------------------------------------- -------------------------
Add a compile-time switch entry / EP, the role of Output preprocessed listing to stdout, we be offered to the output to L.txt

D: MASM7> ml / c / coff / I include / EP 20-1.asm> L.txt
Microsoft (R) Macro Assembler Version 6.14.8444
Copyright (C) Microsoft Corp 1981-1997. All rights reserved.

D: MASM7> _
-------------------------------------------------- -------------------------
View L.txt document, the contents of this pretreatment, pay attention to the unfolding situation in the macro:

.386
. Model flat, stdcall
option casemap: none

.; Piece of content a lot, all. Inc files in the definition, announcements, here slightly
.
.

includelib kernel32.lib
includelib user32.lib

. Code
Start:
CONST segment
?? 0019 db "Hello, world!", 0
CONST ends
CONST segment
?? 001A db "Hi!", 0
CONST ends
invoke MessageBoxA, NULL, offset?? 0019, offset?? 001A, MB_ICONINFORMATION
invoke ExitProcess, NULL
end Start
After reading, clarity of mind some content?, And then to the past to generate 20-1.exe
-------------------------------------------------- -------------------------
Let's look at this file, the file name 20-2.asm

.386
. Model flat, stdcall
option casemap: none

include windows.inc
include kernel32.inc
include user32.inc

includelib kernel32.lib
includelib user32.lib

. Const
xx db "Hello, world!", 0
yy db "Hi!", 0

. Code
Start:
invoke MessageBoxA, NULL, addr xx, addr yy, MB_ICONINFORMATION
invoke ExitProcess, NULL
end Start
-------------------------------------------------- -------------------------
The above documents will generate an executable file 20-2.exe, we make a comparison:

D: MASM7> fc 20-1.exe 20-2.exe / b
Comparing files 20-1.exe and 20-2.exe
000000B8: BD BF
000000B9: 00 03
Document no different. Oh, the above difference is that the file TimeDateStamp, that generated documents of the time, does not affect anything!
-------------------------------------------------- -------------------------
Look at the following program, the file name :20-3. Asm, which will produce 20-3.exe file, run the same results, but the program structure is different (see later)

.386
. Model flat, stdcall
option casemap: none

include windows.inc
include kernel32.inc
include user32.inc

includelib kernel32.lib
includelib user32.lib

. Code
Start:

cc segment
xx db "Hello, world!", 0
cc ends

cc segment
yy db "Hi!", 0
cc ends

invoke MessageBoxA, NULL, addr xx, addr yy, MB_ICONINFORMATION
invoke ExitProcess, NULL
end Start

-------------------------------------------------- -------------------------
Exe files to see if it generated, which is 20-1.exe or 20-2.exe content, note that only two section, the program uses the information in the string. Rdata Section in.

0000 4D 5A 90 00 03 00 00 00-04 00 00 00 FF FF 00 00 MZ ..............
0010 B8 00 00 00 00 00 00 00-40 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ........@.......
0020 00 trillion 00-0000000000 00 00 00 ................
0030 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00-00 00 00 00 B0 00 00 00 ................
0040 0E 1F BA 0E 00 B4 09 CD-21 B8 01 4C CD 21 54 68 ........!.. L.! Th
0050 69 73 20 70 72 6F 67 72-61 6D 20 63 61 6E 6E 6F is program canno
0060 74 20 62 65 20 72 75 6E-20 69 6E 20 44 4F 53 20 t be run in DOS
0070 6D 6F 64 65 2E 0D 0D 0A-24 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 mode ....$.......
0080 5D 17 1D DB 19 76 73 88-19 76 73 88 19 76 73 88 ].... vs .. vs .. vs.
0090 19 76 73 88 1E 76 73 88-E5 56 61 88 18 76 73 88. Vs .. vs .. Va .. vs.
00A0 52 69 63 68 19 76 73 88-00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 Rich.vs. ........
00B0 50 45 00 00 4C 01 02 00-BD 00 62 3E 00 00 00 00 PE .. L. .... b >....
00C0 00 00 00 00 E0 00 0F 01-0B 01 05 0C 00 02 00 00 ................
00D0 00 02 00 00 00 00 00 00-00 10 00 00 00 10 00 00 ................
00E0 00 20 00 00 00 00 40 00-00 10 00 00 00 02 00 00. .............
00F0 04 00 00 00 00 00 00 00-04 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................
0100 00300000000200 00-0000000002 00 00 00.0 ..............
0110 00001000001000 00-0000100000 10 00 00 ................
0120 00000000100000 00-0000000000 00 00 00 ................
0130 24 20 00 00 3C 00 00 00-00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 $ ..<...........
0140 00 trillion 00-0000000000 00 00 00 ................
0150 00 trillion 00-0000000000 00 00 00 ................
0160 00 trillion 00-0000000000 00 00 00 ................
0170 00 trillion 00-0000000000 00 00 00 ................
0180 00 trillion 00-0020000010 00 00 00 ......... ......
0190 00 trillion 00-0000000000 00 00 00 ................
01A0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00-2E 74 65 78 74 00 00 00 ......... text ...
01B0 26 00 00 00 00 10 00 00-00 02 00 00 00 02 00 00 &...............
01C0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00-00 00 00 00 20 00 00 60 ............ .. `
01D0 2E 72 64 61 74 61 00 00-A6 00 00 00 00 20 00 00. Rdata ....... ..
01E0 00 02 00 00 00 04 00 00-00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................
01F0 00 00 00 00 40 00 00 40-00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ....@..@........
0200 6A 40 68 1F 20 40 00 68-10 20 40 00 6A 00 E8 0D j @ h. @. H. @. J. .. Here is the code
0210 00 00 00 6A 00 E8 00 00-00 00 FF 25 00 20 40 00 ... j. ......%. @.
0220 FF 25 08 20 40 00 00 00-00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00.%............
0230 00 trillion 00-0000000000 00 00 00 ................
0240 00 trillion 00-0000000000 00 00 00 ................
0250 00 trillion 00-0000000000 00 00 00 ................
0260 00 trillion 00-0000000000 00 00 00 ................
0270 00 trillion 00-0000000000 00 00 00 ................
0280 00 trillion 00-0000000000 00 00 00 ................
0290 00 trillion 00-0000000000 00 00 00 ................
02A0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00-00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................
02B0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00-00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................
02C0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00-00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................
02D0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00-00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ...............

02E0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00-00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................
02F0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00-00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................
0300 00 trillion 00-0000000000 00 00 00 ................
0310 00 trillion 00-0000000000 00 00 00 ................
0320 00 trillion 00-0000000000 00 00 00 ................
0330 00 trillion 00-0000000000 00 00 00 ................
0340 00 trillion 00-0000000000 00 00 00 ................
0350 00 trillion 00-0000000000 00 00 00 ................
0360 00 trillion 00-0000000000 00 00 00 ................
0370 00 trillion 00-0000000000 00 00 00 ................
0380 00 trillion 00-0000000000 00 00 00 ................
0390 00 trillion 00-0000000000 00 00 00 ................
03A0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00-00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................
03B0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00-00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................
03C0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00-00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................
03D0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00-00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................
03E0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00-00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................
03F0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00-00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................
0400 70 20 00 00 00 00 00 00-8C 20 00 00 00 00 00 00 p ....... ...... this is. Rdata section
0410 48 65 6C 6C 6F 2C 20 77-6F 72 6C 64 20 21 00 48 Hello, world!. H data string in which the
0420 69 21 00 00 60 20 00 00-00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 i! .. `..........
0430 7E 20 00 00 00 20 00 00-68 20 00 00 00 00 00 00 ~ ... .. h ......
0440 00 00 00 00 9A 20 00 00-08 20 00 00 00 00 00 00 ..... ... ......
0450 00 trillion 00-0000000000 00 00 00 ................
0460 70 20 00 00 00 00 00 00-8C 20 00 00 00 00 00 00 p ....... ......
0470 75 00 45 78 69 74 50 72-6F 63 65 73 73 00 4B 45 u.ExitProcess.KE
0480 52 4E 45 4C 33 32 2E 64-6C 6C 00 00 BB 01 4D 65 RNEL32.dll .... Me
0490 73 73 61 67 65 42 6F 78-41 00 55 53 45 52 33 32 ssageBoxA.USER32
04A0 2E 64 6C 6C 00 00 00 00-00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00. Dll ............
04B0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00-00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................
04C0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00-00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................
04D0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00-00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................
04E0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00-00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................
04F0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00-00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................
0500 00 trillion 00-0000000000 00 00 00 ................
0510 00 trillion 00-0000000000 00 00 00 ................
0520 00 trillion 00-0000000000 00 00 00 ................
0530 00 trillion 00-0000000000 00 00 00 ................
0540 00 trillion 00-0000000000 00 00 00 ................
0550 00 trillion 00-0000000000 00 00 00 ................
0560 00 trillion 00-0000000000 00 00 00 ................
0570 00 trillion 00-0000000000 00 00 00 ................
0580 00 trillion 00-0000000000 00 00 00 ................
0590 00 trillion 00-0000000000 00 00 00 ................
05A0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00-00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................
05B0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00-00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................
05C0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00-00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................
05D0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00-00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................
05E0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00-00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................
05F0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00-00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................
-------------------------------------------------- -----------------------
This is a 20-3.exe file, there are 3 section, string. Data section, the paper great!

0000 4D 5A 90 00 03 00 00 00-04 00 00 00 FF FF 00 00 MZ ..............
0010 B8 00 00 00 00 00 00 00-40 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ........@.......
0020 00 trillion 00-0000000000 00 00 00 ................
0030 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00-00 00 00 00 B0 00 00 00 ................
0040 0E 1F BA 0E 00 B4 09 CD-21 B8 01 4C CD 21 54 68 ........!.. L.! Th
0050 69 73 20 70 72 6F 67 72-61 6D 20 63 61 6E 6E 6F is program canno
0060 74 20 62 65 20 72 75 6E-20 69 6E 20 44 4F 53 20 t be run in DOS
0070 6D 6F 64 65 2E 0D 0D 0A-24 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 mode ....$.......
0080 5D 17 1D DB 19 76 73 88-19 76 73 88 19 76 73 88 ].... vs .. vs .. vs.
0090 19 76 73 88 1E 76 73 88-E5 56 61 88 18 76 73 88. Vs .. vs .. Va .. vs.
00A0 52 69 63 68 19 76 73 88-00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 Rich.vs. ........
00B0 50 45 00 00 4C 01 03 00-75 04 62 3E 00 00 00 00 PE .. L. .. u.b >....
00C0 00 00 00 00 E0 00 0F 01-0B 01 05 0C 00 02 00 00 ................
00D0 00 04 00 00 00 00 00 00-00 10 00 00 00 10 00 00 ................
00E0 00 20 00 00 00 00 40 00-00 10 00 00 00 02 00 00. .............
00F0 04 00 00 00 00 00 00 00-04 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................
0100 00400000000400 00-00 00000002000000 .@..............
0110 00001000001000 00-0000100000 10 00 00 ................
0120 00000000100000 00-0000000000 00 00 00 ................
0130 10 20 00 00 3C 00 00 00-00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00. .. <...........
0140 00 trillion 00-0000000000 00 00 00 ................
0150 00 trillion 00-0000000000 00 00 00 ................
0160 00 trillion 00-0000000000 00 00 00 ................
0170 00 trillion 00-0000000000 00 00 00 ................
0180 00 trillion 00-0020000010 00 00 00 ......... ......
0190 00 trillion 00-0000000000 00 00 00 ................
01A0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00-2E 74 65 78 74 00 00 00 ......... text ...
01B0 26 00 00 00 00 10 00 00-00 02 00 00 00 04 00 00 &...............
01C0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00-00 00 00 00 20 00 00 60 ............ .. `
01D0 2E 72 64 61 74 61 00 00-92 00 00 00 00 20 00 00. Rdata ....... ..
01E0 00 02 00 00 00 06 00 00-00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................
01F0 00 00 00 00 40 00 00 40-63 63 00 00 00 00 00 00 ....@..cc ......
0200 13,000,000,003,000 00-00 02000000080000 ..... 0 ..........
0210 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00-00 00 00 00 40 00 00 C0 ............@...
0220 00 trillion 00-0000000000 00 00 00 ................
0230 00 trillion 00-0000000000 00 00 00 ................
0240 00 trillion 00-0000000000 00 00 00 ................
0250 00 trillion 00-0000000000 00 00 00 ................
0260 00 trillion 00-0000000000 00 00 00 ................
0270 00 trillion 00-0000000000 00 00 00 ................
0280 00 trillion 00-0000000000 00 00 00 ................
0290 00 trillion 00-0000000000 00 00 00 ................
02A0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00-00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................
02B0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00-00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................
02C0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00-00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................
02D0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00-00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................
02E0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00-00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................
02F0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00-00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................
0300 00 trillion 00-0000000000 00 00 00 ................
0310 00 trillion 00-0000000000 00 00 00 ................
0320 00 trillion 00-0000000000 00 00 00 ................
0330 00000000000000 00-00 00 trillion ...............
0340 00 trillion 00-0000000000 00 00 00 ................
0350 00 trillion 00-0000000000 00 00 00 ................
0360 00 trillion 00-0000000000 00 00 00 ................
0370 00 trillion 00-0000000000 00 00 00 ................
0380 00 trillion 00-0000000000 00 00 00 ................
0390 00 trillion 00-0000000000 00 00 00 ................
03A0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00-00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................
03B0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00-00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................
03C0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00-00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................
03D0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00-00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................
03E0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00-00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................
03F0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00-00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................
0400 6A 40 68 0F 30 40 00 68-00 30 40 00 6A 00 E8 0D j@h.0 @. H.0 @. J. .. code
0410 00 00 00 6A 00 E8 00 00-00 00 FF 25 00 20 40 00 ... j. ......%. @.
0420 FF 25 08 20 40 00 00 00-00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00.%............
0430 00 trillion 00-0000000000 00 00 00 ................
0440 00 trillion 00-0000000000 00 00 00 ................
0450 00 trillion 00-0000000000 00 00 00 ................
0460 00 trillion 00-0000000000 00 00 00 ................
0470 00 trillion 00-0000000000 00 00 00 ................
0480 00 trillion 00-0000000000 00 00 00 ................
0490 00 trillion 00-0000000000 00 00 00 ................
04A0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00-00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................
04B0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00-00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................
04C0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00-00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................
04D0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00-00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................
04E0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00-00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................
04F0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00-00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................
0500 00 trillion 00-0000000000 00 00 00 ................
0510 00 trillion 00-0000000000 00 00 00 ................
0520 00 trillion 00-0000000000 00 00 00 ................
0530 00 trillion 00-0000000000 00 00 00 ................
0540 00 trillion 00-0000000000 00 00 00 ................
0550 00 trillion 00-0000000000 00 00 00 ................
0560 00 trillion 00-0000000000 00 00 00 ................
0570 00 trillion 00-0000000000 00 00 00 ................
0580 00 trillion 00-0000000000 00 00 00 ................
0590 00 trillion 00-0000000000 00 00 00 ................
05A0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00-00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................
05B0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00-00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................
05C0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00-00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................
05D0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00-00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................
05E0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00-00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................
05F0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00-00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................
0600 5C 20 00 00 00 00 00 00-78 20 00 00 00 00 00 00 ...... x ....... Rdata section
0610 4C 20 00 00 00 00 00 00-00 00 00 00 6A 20 00 00 L .......... j ..
0620 00 20 00 00 54 20 00 00-00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00. .. T ..........
0630 86200000082000 00-0000000000 00 00 00. ... ..........
0640 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00-00 00 00 00 5C 20 00 00 ............ ..
0650 00 00 00 00 78 20 00 00-00 00 00 00 75 00 45 78 .... x ...... u.Ex
0660 69 74 50 72 6F 63 65 73-73 00 4B 45 52 4E 45 4C itProcess.KERNEL
0670 33 32 2E 64 6C 6C 00 00-BB 01 4D 65 73 73 61 67 32.dll .... Messag
0680 65 42 6F 78 41 00 55 53-45 52 33 32 2E 64 6C 6C eBoxA.USER32.dll
0690 00 trillion 00-0000000000 00 00 00 ................
06A0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00-00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................
06B0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00-00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................
06C0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00-00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................
06D0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00-00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................
06E0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00-00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................
06F0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00-00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................
0700 00 trillion 00-0000000000 00 00 00 ................
0710 00 trillion 00-0000000000 00 00 00 ................
0720 00 trillion 00-0000000000 00 00 00 ................
0730 00 trillion 00-0000000000 00 00 00 ................
0740 00 trillion 00-0000000000 00 00 00 ................
0750 00 trillion 00-0000000000 00 00 00 ................
0760 00 trillion 00-0000000000 00 00 00 ................
0770 00 trillion 00-0000000000 00 00 00 ................
0780 00 trillion 00-0000000000 00 00 00 ................
0790 00 trillion 00-0000000000 00 00 00 ................
07A0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00-00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................
07B0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00-00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................
07C0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00-00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................
07D0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00-00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................
07E0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00-00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................
07F0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00-00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................
0800 48 65 6C 6C 6F 2C 20 77-6F 72 6C 64 20 21 00 48 Hello, world!. H string information used
0810 69 21 00 00 00 00 00 00-00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 i !..............
0820 00 trillion 00-0000000000 00 00 00 ................
0830 00 trillion 00-0000000000 00 00 00 ................
0840 00 trillion 00-0000000000 00 00 00 ................
0850 00 trillion 00-0000000000 00 00 00 ................
0860 00 trillion 00-0000000000 00 00 00 ................
0870 00 trillion 00-0000000000 00 00 00 ................
0880 00 trillion 00-0000000000 00 00 00 ................
0890 00 trillion 00-0000000000 00 00 00 ................
08A0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00-00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................
08B0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00-00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................
08C0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00-00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................
08D0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00-00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................
08E0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00-00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................
08F0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00-00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................
0900 00 trillion 00-0000000000 00 00 00 ................
0910 00 trillion 00-0000000000 00 00 00 ................
0920 00 trillion 00-0000000000 00 00 00 ................
0930 00 trillion 00-0000000000 00 00 00 ................
0940 00 trillion 00-0000000000 00 00 00 ................
0950 00 trillion 00-0000000000 00 00 00 ................
0960 00 trillion 00-0000000000 00 00 00 ................
0970 00 trillion 00-0000000000 00 00 00 ................
0980 00 trillion 00-0000000000 00 00 00 ................
0990 00000000000000 00-00 00 trillion ...............
09A0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00-00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................
09B0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00-00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................
09C0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00-00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................
09D0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00-00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................
09E0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00-00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................
09F0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00-00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................







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Everyone doing B2C Who will win?

B2C e-commerce is an unstoppable trend, B2C Web site has shown a rapid growth trend Pozhu. The market is great, but competition is intense, and many of B2C Web site should have what kind of quality to win the market?

Everyone doing B2C Who will win?

"OCS is a traditional industry, sooner or later." Hai Group Chairman Lu Ruiqing recent years in the computer world will be e-commerce branch of the Internet, said the traditional combination of business and e-commerce has become a trend, traditional stores have to attack, set up Marketplace business and consumer direct channels of communication between, Dragon E-mall site has been launched, "Kubo IG personal portal" to provide search, marketing, sale, multi-service feedback.

In fact, before the Dragon, Daphne, groom Chinour, Digital and other large scale traditional enterprises have been involved in B2C.

B2C formidable

First in April 2008, formally launched Taobao Mall, Ali Group achieved total e-commerce business coverage, and then launched 3C Digital shopping site "share purchase net", but Daphne women footwear e-commerce website "Love Daphne, "as early as August 2007 had on the line. Today, many enterprises have increased web site, "online sales" or similar services, B2C mall just as the same as the original yellow pages into the universal.

In recent years several large B2C websites achieve sustainable development. Guo Zhaohui, vice president of the Amazon, according to excellent description, excellent sales of goods in the Amazon has more than one million kinds of varieties within 5 years increased by 40 times, including mobile phones, digital cameras, color TV, furniture, automotive supplies, etc., the current scale Lufthansa is equivalent to a dozen mall, more than 20 Wal-Mart supermarket. Rapid increase and product size corresponds to the rapid growth in turnover in 2008 reached 1.32 billion yuan with annual sales of Jingdong Mall, near 5-year average compound growth rate is as high as 340%. In addition, nine diamond mesh, Jingdong Mall, Chihiro network have successively won the favor of capital markets, Jingdong Mall is in the context of the financial crisis at the end of 2008 received 21 million U.S. dollars capital injection.

B2C online shopping market in 2008 can be described as the new favorite. Ereli research shows that online shopping in China started from the B2C, but in recent years are based on the development of C2C as the absolute mainstream. However, from 2007 to 2008 online shopping market trend changes, B2C is emerging as an important retail channel network, its low-cost, direct-to-consumer channel advantage is being more and more traditional enterprises cognition.

Guo Zhaohui said that "the future of the traditional enterprise, even if 'to the altar book market' are likely to be online." In addition, he is particularly bullish on the wireless e-commerce. The number of Internet users in China is around 300 million, nearly 600 million mobile phone users, whether in fixed or mobile phones, has more than 30% of users have online shopping experience. 3G into the market, the mobile terminal from the network speed, screen to enter the system in change, which brings convenience to users, but also brought about the diversification of means of payment.

Insiders pointed out that, B2C e-business reason for the rise, the most critical factor is the user's spending habits. After a long period of time, in people's minds in online shopping is only limited to clothes, shoes, like the "harmless" things, and online buying refrigerators, air conditioners, "incredible." As the impact of C2C mode, most users think that "online is parallel, fakes, no good thing," until the rise of a few large B2C websites, the consumer confidence in online shopping was able to establish.

China's huge market potential

Bring "the nation's largest IT online retailer of digital type," the name of the new egg net (Newegg.com) started the last two years cut a striking figure in the Chinese mainland market, the company Huxing Min, vice president of marketing, said the new egg decided to enter the Chinese market, the main reason is the "e-business environment is getting better." After 10 years of market cultivation, domestic e-commerce supporting the network infrastructure, payment, logistics and consumer habits are all part of the basic structures up, the overall environment is very good.

According to reports, early in 2001 set up a new egg to set up a China headquarters in Shanghai, and were set up in Xi'an and Chengdu R & D center and call center, but then the main work of these organizations support the United States. "At that time the main fancy technology and cost-effective customer service, all we have no choice in Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Hangzhou and other traditional Internet industry or focus city." Hu Xingmin explained.

Now, new eggs in mainland China with seven large stores, bought 80 acres of land in Jiaxing as the corporate headquarters.鑳″叴姘戠敤涓や釜缁嗚妭鍚戣鑰呰鏄庢柊铔嬪浜庡浗鍐呭競鍦虹殑閲嶈: 涓?槸鍏徃鍦ㄥ悇鍦扮殑涓昏鍔炲叕瀹ゃ?浠撳簱閮戒笉绉熻祦锛岃?鏄洿鎺ヨ喘涔? 浜屾槸缁忚繃璇勪及锛屽師鏈?涓囧钩鏂圭背浠撳簱灏卞彲浠ヨВ鍐崇洰鍓嶆柊铔嬪湪涓婃捣鍦板尯鐨勫競鍦洪渶姹傦紝鍏徃楂樺眰鏈?粓鍐冲畾璧峰缓闈㈢Н杈惧埌10涓囧钩鏂圭背锛屸?浠ラ?搴斿彂灞曡姹傗?銆?br />
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銆??閮湞杈夋寚鍑烘秷璐硅?鍏跺疄骞朵笉鍏冲績B2C缃戠珯鐨勮繍钀ユā寮忥紝浜у搧澶氭牱鍖栥?渚垮埄鍜屼环鏍兼墠鏄秷璐硅?鎵?叧蹇冪殑鏍稿績銆傝儭鍏存皯鍒欏皢鏂拌泲鐨勪笁涓熀鏈斂绛栨?缁撲负鈥滀繚璇佷骇鍝佽川閲忋?鏋佸姏缁存寔浣庝环銆佸鎴锋弧鎰忚嚦涓娾?銆傛嵁浜嗚В锛屾柊铔嬩腑鍥藉湪鎴愮珛缃戠珯骞冲彴鐨勫悓鏃讹紝杩樻垚绔嬩簡涓?涓撲笟鐗╂祦鍏徃锛岀幇鍦ㄧ郴缁熸瘡澶?7鐐瑰墠鏀跺埌鐨勮鍗曚腑鏈?9%閮借兘鍦?4灏忔椂鍐呭彂璐у畬鎴愶紝杩欏凡鎴愪负鏂拌泲鍦ㄦ晥鐜囨柟闈㈢殑鍏堝ぉ浼樺娍銆?br />
銆??涓嶈繃锛屽浜庡瀭鐩寸被鍜岀患鍚堢被绌剁珶璋佹槸鏈潵鐨凚2C鐢靛瓙鍟嗗姟缃戠珯鐨勪富娴侊紝鑳″叴姘戝拰閮湞鏅栨湁鏄庢樉鍒嗘銆傞儹鏈濇櫀鎸囧嚭锛屼互娴侀噺鎴愭湰璁★紝鍗撹秺浜氶┈閫婅繖鏍风殑缁煎悎鎬у竷灞?姣旀柊铔嬨?浜笢鏇撮珮鏁堬紝鍥犱负寰堝鐢ㄦ埛鍦ㄥ崜瓒婂苟涓嶅彧鏄拱鍗曚竴浜у搧銆備粬杩樺皢鍨傜洿绫诲拰缁煎悎绫讳互璺戠櫨绫冲拰椹媺鏉剧浉鍖哄埆锛屼换浣曞崟涓?骇鍝佺殑楂樺埄娑﹂兘涓嶅彲鑳介暱鏈熶繚鎸侊紝鈥滄湁浜涘瀭鐩寸被B2C铏界劧鐩墠鍒╂鼎鎸洪珮锛屽嵈寰堝彲鑳藉彧鏄槞鑺变竴鐜般?鈥濇澶栧瀭鐩寸被B2C濡傛灉闂ㄦ涓嶉珮锛屽緢瀹规槗浜х敓涓?搫鑰屼笂銆佸ぇ鎵撲环鏍兼垬鐨勬儏鍐碉紝鈥滄墍浠ュ瀭鐩寸被鍙兘鏄紒涓氳繘鍏ョ殑鏈轰細锛屼絾鏈?粓閮借璧颁笂缁煎悎鐨勮矾鈥濄?

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銆??姝ゅ锛屾柊铔嬪皢闀挎湡淇濇寔鑷繁鈥滀笓涓氭暟鐮両T缃戠珯鈥濈殑瀹氫綅锛岃繖鏄娑堣垂鑰呴渶姹傞暱鏈熻皟鐮旂殑缁撴灉銆傗?鐢ㄦ埛鍘熸湰鎯虫壘涓?潡涓冨僵铏圭殑涓绘澘锛屽嵈鎼滅储鍑轰簡涓?簥鍟嗘爣鏄?涓冨僵铏光?鐨勬琚紝杩欐槸鏂拌泲涓嶈兘鎺ュ彈鐨勩?鈥濊儭鍏存皯璇磋〃绀猴紝濡傛灉鏈潵娑堣垂鑰呯殑闇?眰鍙戠敓鍙樺寲锛屽?鍚戜簬鈥滀竴绔欏紡璐綈鈥濓紝鏂拌泲涓嶆帓闄ゅ仛鍑鸿皟鏁达紝鈥滀絾鏄洰鍓嶈繖绉嶅０闊崇粷涓嶆槸涓绘祦鈥濄?

銆??鐜嬪郴娑涗篃璁や负锛孊2C缃戠珯涓?畾瑕佸垎鏋愭竻妤氳嚜韬紭鍔裤?鈥滄湁鏃跺?闅旇濡傞殧灞憋紝鎴戝崠鏈嶈鍗栧緱濂斤紝鍙兘鏄洜涓烘垜鍥㈤槦閲屾湁涓?釜浜哄鏈嶈琛屼笟鐗瑰埆浜嗚В銆傚悓鏍风殑锛屽洟闃熶汉鏁颁笉鍙橈紝鍙槸缂轰簡杩欎箞涓汉锛屽埆浜哄氨鏄崠涓嶈繃鎴戙?鈥濅粬璁や负锛岀幇鍦ㄤ腑鍥界殑鐢靛瓙鍟嗗姟宸茬粡搴﹁繃浜嗏?鍚挋鏈熲?锛屽嵆灏嗚繘鍏モ?琛屽姩鏈熲?锛屼互鍓嶈瑙ｉ噴鈥滀粈涔堟槸鐢靛瓙鍟嗗姟鈥濓紝鐜板湪鍒欒鍛婅瘔浜轰滑鈥滅數瀛愬晢鍔¤兘甯綘鍋氫粈涔堚?銆?br />






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How the blaze was accompanied by low encirclement

Pakistan has received a customer, big beard, but the eyes look great, with a Chinese girl came to our company, is to buy stove accessories.

To know that this is the first time we met the class in Asia brother on, we Chinese people have stood up but the Pakistan side of the impression that living standards are not ye, ah, it seems. So I rushed the whole tie, up and down to spend time with enthusiasm greeted the two.

Pakistan's brother called Raji, very polite and also fluent in London sound, dressed neatly though conservative, but unusual, it is a custom view forget. Together with his Chinese girl named Ada, it seems recently graduated, looking a bit dull.

Raji sat down to start the point, it shows that he is the first time in China (later I learned I cheated), before doing the stove factory in Pakistan, parts have been hard to find, the local people who do this much , and the extremely poor quality, after listening to a friend's introduction to China's purchases, the intended harmonization of procurement in the area we go back a few cabinets. The hearing that this business was very good centralized procurement Well, it certainly shows he is sincere, Mr. Raji to Zan Chinese procurement. Then I will be intolerant of their annoying situation of our company introduced again, to closer relations, but also specifically with their own accent in a little self-righteous "London Sound" (ha ha, do not know each other listening to react? )

Raji then choose a dozen varieties at once, flew me to quote. When the offer straight to my heart whispered, how foreigners are so, one must sit down and offer quotations. Price overstated, Raji face Wood, and people not see what is in his heart. At this time, Miss Ada who look sluggish spoke up: "We think your price too high, and tell the truth, we saw three factory, you are third, also the highest price a..." I have X! Is to compare the original price! Fortunately, I was not the lakes nestling horse. The McCain I leisurely from the situation of our industry, earnestly told them this stuff is not cheap you can get by the market, but also the supplier level and product quality. Is a lengthy, but Raji's face or Wood's. Ada's eyes, or foolishly, and are looking at nothing more than taking my two flying up and down.

At the end, Raji shook his head, saying: "I think your price''s still too high for me, you know my country is so poor and people can not afford this price ... ..."

"Okay, just tell me your target price and we will see whether we can do it or not." I can not, only to see his cards on the.

Raji unhurried out a quotation that is where he took over our competitors offer only one-third of our offer. That quote alone is flashed in front of me, Raji, and I see that it did not give a specific quote and above.

I think that this time be calm, because I know that the intensity of competition in the industry, but can not offer a clear difference between peers so far. I peep the Ada one, found her eyes though sluggish, but could not hide that hint of cunning blink. Raji's face still Wood's, beard, or so beautiful.

I stood up and said to the last bathroom. Out of the meeting room after I put in a call to the Supply Section, understand what the material now on the market price, that answers that competitors simply can not report the price, unless they are crazy! I have already quoted a very reasonable price, and opponents can not I offer and certainly much higher.

I again went into the meeting room and found Raji and Ada are talking about silent saw me in all the sound.

I told them that there is no way to further reduce the price can only say that if the order is more than 2 脳 20''cabinet / month can have discount. And At the end I added sentence: "I know you've been to Which plants and know their real offer, they can not offer me too much lower, if you think their product is right for you, then I have not ways. "Raji's face began not as Wood, and smiled and said:" We think a reasonable price like this, but hoped that you could be reconsidered, otherwise we will be under orders to go to your competitors . "I shook my head and said:" To ensure the quality of products to you, we must consider increasing the manpower cost to the quality Guan, Bushi blindly rely on cheap, the other's price may be lower point, but hope you taking into account the issue of quality and service. "saying this because I checked Raji Internet companies feel that they are fairly local brands, not only the price regardless of the other.

Words do not have to say something here. Ada was leaving when they're put down the sentence: "and the Pakistanis to do business, price is most important!" I listened very frankly, my relationship to the end consumer product safety issues, I can not for this is not a big business to may endanger the lives of others to do things right, do not do worth mentioning.

But I never thought Raji came back three days later, it did not say, took a direct order out. Miss Ada Raji said the past few days I have to take the price and I went to the other plant samples, but in the end that cost us, but still won.

These things think we may run into similar, especially in the Fair, took the price of a supplier and then everywhere is more than the foreigners, but sadly, our China suppliers in front of it seems to a little bit at a large profit on the price war, unit prices dropped lower and lower profit repeated cuts, the final benefit is that foreigners and suffering is our own. Friends who have tried to compete at a list of India and peer fell out, but eventually received a list of the hand is there a net loss of 50,000 yuan.

We are Chinese supplier price war is not only damaging our own interests, and stuffing the pockets of foreigners, also the back of China had a "dumping" charges, the latest European and American countries are "anti-dumping", in the final is that China's cheap goods against you that overwhelming in their.

But China's labor-intensive manufacturing enterprises are facing today, we are destined for this vicious cycle, the short term it seems we can not change this fact. But I believe everything has a cycle of logic, to go on in China can only usher in a new shuffle, and materials meager profits rising and the strong yuan Chao seems significant in this round of reshuffle the corner. Blindly rely on price reductions to obtain orders for closure of the factory is only the road, will survive is strong, with independent R & D, products of high value-added enterprises. This is the industry's restructuring and regeneration.

But having said that, if not eliminated, we do not want no food, we should not trouble you brother own Woli Dou, and joint of your peers, industry standards and price guide, jointly developed products with high added value, but also let foreigners see Today we are not looking to sell broken ah alone. - It seems a bit idiotic nonsense, too utopian, but I hope you come Paizhuan!






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The pressure of free memory

Author: king_zh

And compared to similar software, WinRAM-Booster Pro features offered are very comprehensive, not only has the function of other memory optimization software, and user-friendly also spent a lot of thought. Because of its integration with the Windows operating system, good optimization of memory effect, have higher efficiency, it is worth a try.

Shown in Figure 1, running after WinRam-Booster Pro 2001 will see a very beautiful interface, which left a row of toolbar provides different features, click on the following can be a variety of memory optimization.



Figure 1

1, RAM Optimization (memory optimization)

Here to provide real-time dynamic curve of the current computer, CPU, memory, swap file and other system resources usage, so we glance, and thus according to their need for memory optimization, improve system performance. And use different colors and color transitions of the bars represent the memory, CPU, swap file usage statistics, including memory usage, said the red curve, green curve shows the CPU utilization, pink curve, said system swap file usage. Also, click on the right side of the "Resources" button can switch to the resource statistics chart, bar chart here that the user free use of resources, system resources, and graphics device interface idle idle resources in the three key factors affecting system performance.

When we feel the need for system slowdowns, when the memory order, just click the lower part of the "Optimize RAM" button to start the memory consolidation process. And suggesting that before this step before you press the "Clear the Clipboard" to store the contents of the clipboard empty, and then select the "Inteligent RAM Optimization" check box to the intelligent optimization. Of course, here is the optimization of memory manually, and if you want to process automatically in the background of this work, as long as the "Start Auto-Optimization every XXX minutes" in choosing the appropriate time (say 10 min). So you can enjoy working, learning and entertainment, WinRam-Booster Pro will help you organize your silent memory, shown in Figure 2.



Figure 2

2, Cache Optimization (cache file optimization)

WinRAM-Booster Pro provides optimized caching features, where you can set the application of our most popular categories: ordinary user, DVD, super-users, low-memory users, multimedia users and gamers, etc. several. And the program also provided for each user to set the appropriate parameters optimized, such as for DVD and multimedia users who need to set larger cache file. Optimized for cache files when the actual situation according to their choice as long as the application of different types, and then click on the lower part of the "Save Settings!" Button you can, at this time WinRAM-Booster Pro will automatically optimize the cache files, play the maximum efficiency of the cache to improve overall system performance, shown in Figure 3.



Figure 3

3, Shortcuts (specific optimization of memory)

When we run large-scale software like PhotoShop, or start Quake 鈪?such a huge game, in order to achieve a more satisfactory results, usually have to restart your computer to clear the memory resident data. Although by WinRAM-Booster Pro can pre-order memory, but the operation would become more troublesome, and might use it with program-specific optimization of memory function. So that we can for this particular program create a shortcut on the desktop, launch the application in time for memory optimization, to ensure that the re-run the memory needed to improve system performance.

Shown in Figure 4, when the first use of "Name of shortcut" dialog box, enter the name of the shortcut, and then "Browser ..." button from the need to optimize the hard drive to find the program file, and then adjust the requirements in the lower available memory size, and finally click "Create shortcut on desktop" button to create a desktop shortcut to the need. After these large-scale programs need to run time, as long as double-click the shortcut to create a good memory can be optimized first, and then start the program, we also can easily enjoy the system Gao Xingneng the.



Figure 4

4, Taskmonitor (Task Manager)

Since it is a memory management tool, WinRAM-Booster Pro course with a view to the functions of the currently running process. Shown in Figure 5, this list will have the current system, the functions of all running programs. Although it looks and the Windows Task Manager is included with almost, but the thin look will find the contents to be more abundant. In the list do not need to find their own programs, then click on "Terminate selected process" button to clear it out from memory, the release of more free space to other uses.



Figure 5

5, WinAlign GUI (system optimization)

This feature is for Windows 98 and Windows Me tailor-made, it can be EXE or DLL files to optimize the initial part of the bytes in these files is written in memory, so that when we need to frequently call these procedures when, WinRAM -Booster Pro will read directly from the memory-related data, greatly reducing the read from disk into memory of the time, so it can be as Office, OICQ and other procedures often require the use of speed optimization.

Shown in Figure 6, when the first pass using the upper part of "Choose a single file" button to add an EXE or DLL file formats, and then click the middle of the "Start aligining procedure" button to start optimizing operation. This time may be called Windows Disk Defragmenter to optimize the operation of the drive to be able to read consecutive bytes to the file. Running about after the completion of the corresponding program to see if the speed is not fast start of many?



Figure 6

Front about how WinRAM-Booster Pro uses specific functions, while the left click on "Settings" button then also be set to its in-depth, such as how much free memory is less than the time to optimize the settings, it automatically clears the memory without DLL files used, etc., but usually the system default parameters can be, interested friends may wish to study, not detailed here.

Finally, to tell you a secret: after installing WinRAM-Booster Pro, it will integrate itself into the Windows desktop, right click on the Recycle Bin shortcut menu, so we can not run WinRAM-Booster Pro Right-click the Recycle Bin icon on the case and Select one of the Optimize RAM command memory optimization.






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Youtube FLV to PSP Top Rated

Hot popluar youtube video Converter + download + player tool. With YouTube tool you can also convert downloaded YouTube videos to a format compatible with your favorite portable device; including - iPod Video, iPod Touch, iPod Nano, iPhone, Zune, PSP, as well as video capable MP3 players, video capable mobile phones, and Pocket PC, And finally... YouTube tool's embedded player will allow you to watch all your favorite YouTube videos off-line. So now you can enjoy any .flv and .swf videos anytime!
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